Method of manufacturing bolts



Dec. 6, 1927.

K. 'F. W. KEMPF METHOD OF MANUFACTURING BOLTS Filed April 18, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 mllll JLarZ I 71 jQ'm z Ila/c aim:

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Patented Dec. 6, 1927.

. KARI. r. w. REMrrjor BUFFALO, new YORK.

METHOD OF- MAN UFACTURIN G BOLTS.

Application filed. April is, 1927. Serial No. 184,525.

My invention relates to improvements in methods of manufacturing bolts, and especially key bolts. 7

One of the objects of my invention is the production of key bolts under my new. and novel method wherein a slot is formed longitudinally throughthe bolt, the end of the bolt tapered and simultaneously therewith the outer wall of the slot provided with a reverse bevel so that the key can be inserted into the slot'from either side thereof. 1

Another object of myinvention is the production of a new and novel method whereby the outer end of the bolt is tapered and the metal atsaid end materially condensed dur ing the process of tapering the same.

A still further object-of my inventlonis the production of a new and novel method whereby key bolts can-be easily and inexpen sively manufactured with a view of reducing the cost'of the same, providing a more serviceable key bolt, and one capable of use with out resorting to the employment of centering tools for introducing the bolts into bolt holes of overlapping objects. f i l The invention consists in the new and novel steps, arrangement, and combination of'steps employed in the method of producing key bolts, as willbe hereinafter set out and more particularly pointed out in the subjoined claims.

I In the drawings and headingmechanism employed in my improved methodillustrated in my co-pending application, filed May 10, 1926; Serial No.

198,047, the co-operating parts of the mechanism being shown in in-operative position.

Fig. 2 is a similar view showing the parts in operating position.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on line Fig. 4 is a horizontal section'taken on line 4-4;, Fig. 2.

Figs. 5, (i, 7 and 8 aresectional elevations of my improved bolt-formingmechanism, il-

- lustrating theseveral steps employed under my improved method for tapering the end. of

. the bo't and providing the outer end wall of the key slot. thereof with a reverse bevel.

Fig. 9 is a section taken on line 9-9, Fig. (5. 7 V

10 is a section taken on line 10-10, Fig. 8.

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of slotting- Fig.11 is a section taken on line 11-11, Fig. 7.

Fig. 12 is a section taken on line 12-12, Fig. 8. 7 j a ig. 13 is a detached perspective view of one of the sections of the bolt retainer block.

Fig. 14 is a perspective view of a rudimentarily formed key bolt.

Fig. 15 is a perspective View of a completely formed key bolt.

Fig. 16 is a sectional elevation of a key boltconstrncted in accordance with my im proved method, and showing it employed to' connect two plates or structural elements together. 7

Having reference first to a key bolt constructed undermy improved method, it may be stated that key bolts are slotted diametrically forthe purpose of forcing wedge keys into the slots thereof so as to draw the bolt tight under all conditions of use. I Such bolts sometimesreferred to as fitting-up bolts are usually employed for temporary or. seta v ting'up work, such as the fitting togetherof plates'adapted to be permanently secured to-: getherby means of rivets'or other suitable permanent fastening devices. When used, a

key boltextends through the parts or objects which it temporarily secures together and the unheaded end thereof projects a considerable distance outwardly from one of the parts so that a wedge key adapted to be used in conjunction therewith can be passed through the slot in the bolt, and when driven tightly into position causes the parts or objects through which the bolt is passed to be drawn together tightly, and in the exact relation they are to assume and retain when permanently fastened together. This key bolt, when completed, does not materiallydiffer in. appearance from the key bolt illustrated in my aforesaid co-pending application, and in the drawings it is designated by the numeral 17 The key bolt is provided with a key slot-18 which extends diametrically throughthe shank of the bolt and has its outer end wallbeveled outwardly in opposite directions, as at 19, from a plane centrally betweenthe ends thereof, indicated by the numeral20, which forms the crest of this end wall. The key slot is therefore somewhat shorter at the center of the bolt than at opposite sides of the same. The key bolt is provided with the usual head 21 at one end which provides a bearing against the face at one of the parts or objects through which the bolt is passed.

The nnheaded or entrance end of the bolt is tapered, as at 92, and its end face is made convex, as at 23. The taper ol the bolt e11 tends preferably from a point near the outer end of the slot lo and is formed in accordance with my imlin'oved method, to he presently described, and simultaneously therewith the oppositely beveled portions 19, liereinbefore referred to are formed.

In Figs. 1 to 1- oi the drawings, heading and slotting" mechanism is shown in connection with a. rod adapted to he cut by suitable means (not, shown) into bolt lengths and be diametrically slotted and headed to partially form the bolt. .lie headiinr and slottingmechanism comprises a rod-receiving block or body il -1i: having a cylindrical rorlreceiving opening and a slot 26 perpendicular thereto into which a slotting; tool 27 adapted to be thrust tor the purpose ot dianietrirally slottiitig the red when coniined within the block.

Slaid rod-receiving block or bodyEl-l is preferably formed oli two sections 2o, :29, which areexact counterparts and adapted to lie in contact with each other, each section having a semi-eylindrical groove 30 formed in its contacting; face which term the rodreceiving opening 25. Intersmting each of these sen'ii-cylindrical grooves is a depression 31., one in each contacting surface of sections 28, 99 of the block. These depressions form the tool slot 26 arranged perpendicular tothe cylindrical opening 25. Said rodreceiving bloclr or body 2 1: has its sections relatively movable, preferably one movable toward and from the other, and these sections are arranged upona table or other suitable support 32 which may also have an open larger in transverse and longitlulinal dimensions than the dimensions of the tool slot :26 with which it alincdi A rod from which the bolts are to be construct ed is designated by the innneral 3-5; and it is clamped in and extends through the eylh'idriral rod-receiving opening 25 in the biotic iii; so that the end portion thereof projects from one end of the loloclc, as at 35. This projtwtinu end portion contains sullieient metal to enable the head 21 ot' the bolt to be formed therefrom. The rod 34- is held against lengthwise movement within the bloel; 24; in any suitable manner, but preferably the senli-cylimlrical grooves 30 in the two sections 28, Q9 of the block are sized to have a clamping efl'cet upon the rod andthus prevent movement lengthwise thereof.

lVith the rod positioned against lengthwise iiuovement within the rodreceiving block it, the slot ting tool 27 is driven downwardly by any suitable means and nude any suitable power into the tool slot 26 of the block, and diametrically throu 'h that portion rotthe rod clamped. withm the block for the purpose of forming the slot 18 in the bolt.

The rod tl-et preferably severed during the slotting operation, as at 36, so that the bolt to be termed will. be of the desired length and this length may be governed by the entrance end of the block or in any other approved manner. The severing of the rod mayghowerer, take place before or after the slotting operation, if desired. The material forced from the rod to form the slot 18 of the bolt passes downwardly through the lower end of the tool slot 26 and out through the opening formed in the table orother foundation or support provided for the block, and may there be accun'uilated as scrap. j

During the slotting operation or, if desired before or after said operation, the projecting i'lOltlOll 35 ot the rod or of the severed portion of the red, as the case may be, is upset to form the head 21 ot the bolt, and for this purpose an upsetting device 87 is provided, which is mo -able lengthwise toward and from the rod-receiving bloc]: 21-. This upsetting device, or heading device, as it may be termed, is provided with a socketeclmeinher 3S, the socket 39 of which is shaped to the form which the head ()iftllt) bolt to be fashioned to; such heads being, usually ot semispherical formation. Under pressure or force applied in any approved manner to the upsetting or heading, device 37, it engages the project-inn end 35 ot the rod or the severed portion thereof, reduces the length oi said projecting portion and 'l'orces the metal thereof laterally or radially in all directions so as to completely fill the soeliet 3.) in said device.

It may here be stated that the anions steps in the upsetting or heading oi the bolt is preferably eilected d urine or after the slot ting ope at ion and preferably while the slotting tool still extends through the rod clamped between the two sections of the block It will therefore be apparent that the rod-receiving blocl; or body used for the slotting operationalso servesas part of the upsetting or heading mechanism, since during the upsetting or headingoperation the slotting tool extends through the rod and prevents lengthwise nmvemcnt ot said rod, or the severed portion thereof, as clearly shown in Fig. 2.

It may here be stated that the various steps in the method are pertm'ined while the rod and the partially and rudimentarily termed bolts are hot; the proper heating; being eti'ceted in any common or approved manner.

After the rod is severed to provide the proper length oi material for forming the bolt, the diametral slot formed therein anil the head formed upon one end thereof, the

on the'outer end wall of the key slot'. This set of co-operating membersfcomprises abolt-retainer block or body 40 supported upon a table 41which, if desired, may be the same table supporting the bolt retainer block 24, and co-operating with thebolt retainer block or body 40 is a pressure or powerdevice 42 suitably operated and arranged'in spaced relation to one end of said bolt'retainer block 40 for, movement toward and from the same. 1 r

The bolt-retainer block or body 40 is also made of two sections 43,- 44, one of which is preferably movable toward and from the other. On the: opposing faces of these two sections, semi-cylindrical grooves 45, -46 are formed, one above the other, the grooves 45 being adapted for registration to form a cylindrical bolt-retainer opening 47 and the grooves 46 being likewise disposed relatively to form a ing48.-

- The semi-cylindrical grooves46 are enlarged between their 'endsso thatwhen the two sections of the block 40 are brought together, the bolt-retaining opening formed by these last-mentioned grooves has end portions sized to slidably receive the partially,

formed bolt, as will be more particularly described hereinafter, and an intermediate portion of somewhat greater diameter than the of the block are brought into contact with each other the longitudinal edges of these keys are slightly separated, as clearly shown in Fig. 12. These ribs or keys project from the walls ofthe semi-cylindrical grooves 45 and are slightly tapered toward their longitudinal edges. The ends of the keys are also tapered for a purpose to appear hereinafter.

When the two sections of'the block 40 are brought into contact to establish the bolt ietainer opening 47, said opening may be said to have bolt-retainer keys projecting inwardly from their walls at diametrically opposite sides." The pressure or power device 42 IS'PIO- vided with a reducer 5 0 in the form-of a cylindrical extension arranged to pro ect.

toward the bolt-retainer block 40, and in the outer end thereof it is provided with an inwardly-tapered socket 51 having its side walls formed to theshape which the tapered end of the bolt is to have when completed. An air passage 52 leads fronithe inner end cylindrical boltretainer openof this socket outwardly to the side of the, cylindrical extension 50.

As clearly shown in Figs.

improved method. ,In orderto insert the partially formed bolts in the retainer block or body 40, the two sections of the latterare separated. The bolt partially formed is placed within 7 the upper semi-cylindrical groove 45' of one of thesections of said block with the retainer key in said groove entered into the key slot 18 of the partially formedbolt, after which the other section is moved into contact with the section having the bolt 5 and 6, the

bolts partially formed by the use of the bolt-. retainer block 24 are inserted into the. boltretainerblock 40, for the purpose of having. the ends thereof tapered according to my applied thereto so as to completely encircle the bolt andcause thebolt retainer key of said other section toenter said key slot from the opposite side of the bolt. WVith the two sections of the bolt-retainerblock or body in I contact, the partially formed bolt will be firmly gripped within said block or body andheld against lengthwise movement by the bolt retainer keys. entered into the key slot of said part-iallyforined bolt from opposite sides. By reason of the ends and the sides of the retainer keys being tapered inwardly they will freely enter the key slot of the partially formed bolt and; in addition to providing free entrance of the retainer keys into said slots, the tapering of the outer formed bolt, causing the metal at said proecting end in part to be condensed inwardly.

toward the axis of the partially formed bolt andealso extruded outwardly in all direc-- tions and lengthwise along the bolt to form an annular flange 53 on said bolt, which is firmly compressed by the end face of the reducer against the block 40. V Simultaneously with the condensing of the metal toward the axis of the body, there is a component movement of the metal lengthwise along the axis of the bolt, with the result hat this metal will be extruded into the key slot and against the outer tapered ends of the: re tainer keys 49 projecting into said key slot, thus forming the opposite bevel at the outer end of the key slot simultaneously with the tapering of the projecting end of the bolt. While the tapering of the outer ends of the retainer keys 49 limits the extrusion of the metal into the key slot. under the force of the pressureor power device 42; it has, however, been found that force applied to the loo rejecting end of the bolt will naturally orin an opposite bevel on the outer end wall of the key slot, regardleee of the em ployment of the retainer keys, and for thu-i reason the partially formed bolt may be positioned within the block -tl-U and the retainer keys eliminated, provided provision is tirade otherwise to prevent lengthwise.movement of the partially formed bolt when clamped within the block elO.

The so rudimentarily formed key bolt ia next placed within the lower bolt-retainer opening in of the block it) and at the same time a bolt partially formed by the retainer block 5;? is inserted into the upper boll.- retainer opening of said block so that upon further operations ol the preseure or power device, two bolts will be operated upon under each forward or advancinp movement of said power device. The partially {ornual bolt in the upper bolt-retainer opening in said block will be operated upon as just described, while the rudimentaril v formed bolt having the annular bunny all thereon will be operated upon by a cylindrical ram o-l formed on the pressure or power device 42. \Vhen the riulinicntarily Llornicd bolt i.- positirmcd within the lower la)ltrctainer opening; within the block ill), the slotted in termetliate portion thereof will be rontinri'i within the enlarged portion of aaid oponinej. while the annular flange of the rudimentarily formed bolt will lie in contact with that "face of the block -10 opposed to the prcesurc or power device.

It is to be noted that when the partially formed bolt is being tapered, the outer end face of the bolt is given a convex formation. as at 55, Fig. (i, which ia the convened end face 23 ot? the finished bolt shown in l igpi. '15 and lo. and the ram Fi l: hasv its end face concaved, as at 56, to conform to the convexity at the end ol the rluliincntarily Llorined bolt. 'lheret'ore, when the pressure or power device is advanced toward the block 40, the coneaved end of the ram til will engage the projecting: end oi the bolt. and as pressure is applied cndwiee to the bolt. the annular lltlllllt wl will be ehcarrd from the body oi the bolt, as? cleanly indicatcd in Fig. 8. thuncompleting! the hey boll. This ram entere the end ol' the lower bolt retainer opening in the block it] and Forces the bolt outwardly from the bloclr.

In order to shear the flange from the block, considerable pre 'suro ia iicccleazirily exerted against the unheadcd end ol? the bolt, and this at lllllQFt tends to enlarge the (.lianieter of the bolt slightl in the region extending along the range ol' the hey slot therein. By providing the enlargement between the ends' of the bolt-retainer opcnirp 48 a comparatively short contact surface for the bolt is formed at each end of said opening. Jamming or binding of the bolt within the opening is partially eliminated, particularly since the contact euriace betweenthe bolt retainer opening and the key bolt are along solid portions of the key bolt. In the event that the bolt becomes slightly enlarged diametrically along the region of the key slot 18, it will be returned to normal size when forced outwardly l 1y the ram 5%.

One of the uses of the key bolt is'illuatrated in Fig. 16 in which two plates 57 58 are overlapped and the bolt passed through the regieteringr rivet or other fastener opcnings 59 within said plates. Over the projecting end of the bolt a washer (it) may be placed and. a. wedge key (it inserted into the key slot 18 ot' the bolt from either side there of so that the beveled edge of the key slot will bear in contact with one of the opposite or reverse bcvels 19 formed on the outer end wall of said key slot. The slotted region of the bolt. of course, projects at least partially beyond the washer G0. 'lhetapercd end of the bolt permits the same to be easily inserted through the registering openings of the plates or other objects to be fastened to gether, and as these openings are sometimes slightly out of registration, they will be brought into registration by the tapered end of the bolt when driving said bolt through the openings in the plates or other objects to be fastened together. i i

The steps in my improved method are theretore as follows: The rod from which the bolts are formed are diametrically slotted and headed, as for example illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4;, after which the ends of the so partially l'ormed bolts are tapered and the annular flange simultaneously formed on the bolt at the inner end or base of the tapered portion thereol. The forming ot this flange and the tapering; of the end ot' the bolt result in a condenS- ing of the metal, which is highly desirable, at the end of the bolt, especially when driving the bolt through holes Slightly out of registration. At the same time the n'ietal is forced in ardly toward and along the axis of the bolt, with the result that it is slightly extruded into the key slot of the bolt previously formed an as to form the opposite or reverse bevels at the outer end of the lccy slot, all of which is clearly illustrated in Fine. 5, 6 and 9. After the bolt is so riulimentarily formed the annular flange is sheared therefrom to complete the bolt for use, as clearly shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 10. i r

While I have referred to a rod, a pai tially formed bolt, and a rudimentarily l'ornied bolt. I desire to include these and any other objects treated in the manner described under the term work-piece; and I desire it to be understood that what I term a partially formed bolt is, by some, considered and used as a finished key bolt scribed.

' and Having thus described my invention, what I claim is: 4 e

1. The methodgof manufacturing bolts,

which consists'in forming the head .of the bolt on a rod of suitable length, in confining a portion ofthe rod so formedwithin a surrounding bodyandholding said rod against movement lengthwise with the unheadedend thereof projecting from said body, in then applying pressure to the projecting unheaded end of said rod and simultaneously therewith forcing metal at said end inwardly toward the axis of the rod lengthwise exteriorly against said body into a region surrounding said rod so as to taper said end and form an annular flange thereon, and in then removing said flange from said rod. r

2. The method of manufacturing bolts, which consists in formingthe head of the bolt on a rod of suitable length, in confining a portion of the rod so formed within a surrounding body and holding said rod against movement lengthwi% with the unheaded end thereof projecting from said body, in then applying a reducer to the projecting end of said rod to condense the metal at said end and simultaneously therewith force metal lengthwise exteriorly along the rod into a circular region surrounding the same so as to form an annular flange thereon, andin then removing said flange.

3. The method of manufacturing bolts, which consists in forming the head of the bolt on a rod of suitable length, in confining a portion ofthe rod so formed within a surrounding body and holding said rod against movement lengthwise with the unheaded end thereof projecting from said body, in then applying a reducer having an inwardly-tapering socket to the projecting end of said rod to cause the walls of said socket to act against said rod and condense the metal. by directing the same inwardly toward the axis of said rod and lengthwise along the same and the end of said reducer to force metal outwardly along said rod into the shape of an annular flange. j

4. The method of manufacturing key bolts, which consists in confining within a body so as to prevent lengthwisemovement thereof, the shank of a partially formed bolt having a head atone end and a diametralslot through its shank and in so positioning said bolt with the unheaded end thereof projecting from said body, and in applying pressure to the project ing end of said bolt so as to condense the metal at said end and taper the same and also-direct portions of the metal lengthwise along the axis of said shanlcto form a reverse bevel, on the end wallof said diametral slot adjacent the projecting end of said shank. V

5; The method of manufacturing key bolts, which consists in diametrically slottingarod of suitable. length and heading one end thereof, in confining the slotted portion of said rOd within a body so as to prevent movement lengthwise thereof and having-the unheaded end of said rod projecting from said body,,in applying pres. sure to the projecting end of said rod lengthwise and toward the axis of said rod so as to taper and condense the metal at said end, force metal lengthwise exteriorly along said rod to form an annular flange at the base of the taper and interiorly along the axis of said rod to extrude the metal at the outer end wall of said diametral slot so as to form opposite bevels on said end wall.

6. The method of manufacturing key bolts, which consists in severing a rod tobolt length, heading one end of the severed p'ortionand diametrically slotting the same, in forciblyapplying an element having a tapered socket over the unheaded end of said bolt to condense the metal and form a tapered end for said bolt and in simultaneously forcing metal therewith lengthwise exteriorly along said end to form an annular flange at the base of said tapered end, and in then shearing said flange from said bolt.

7. The method of forming a tapered end on a bolt, which consists in confining the shank of the bolt within a body to prevent lengthwise movement thereof, ,in then condensing the metal at the unheaded end of said bolt and forcing portions of the metal at said end lengthwise eXteriorly along the bolt to. form an annular flange at the base of the condensed metal, and in then applying pressure to the tapered end of the bolt while holding said flange in an immovable position so as to cause the body portion of said bolt to be sheared. from said flange.

SJ'The method of manufacturing key bolts, which consists in severing a rod to bolt length and heading and diametrically slotting the same, in then tapering the unheaded end of said bolt under pressure and simultaneously therewith crowding the metal axially along said bolt to form opposite bevels atthe end of said diametral slot adjacent said tapered end.

9. The method of tapering the ends of key bolts having a head and a diametral at said end to be forced lengthwise exterior- 1 alon the same and form an annular flan e thereon and simultaneously therewith condense the metal at said end to taper the 5 same, and in then causing, under pressuic, a relative movement of said shank and flange tolshear said flange from said shank. 10. The method ol tapering the ends of key bolts having a head and a diametral 10 slot through the shank thereof, which consists in applying a pressure device having same and form an annular flange thereon and simultaneously therewith condense metal at said end to taper the same, and in then removing said flange from said shank.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

KARL F. W. KEMPF. 

